Imperialism Essay -- History Rome Papers

Imperialism "Imperialism - the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly: the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence" According to Webster's dictionary's definition of "imperialism", a nation is not truly imperialistic until it has controlled another territory through political or economic aspects or directly annexed the land. There were many steps in the history of Rome, which lead her down the road of becoming an imperialistic nation. Rome's dealings with the Mamertines, Hiero, and Carthage in Sicily around 264 BC would lead to the First Punic War, and thus lead Rome down the path of Imperialism. The Romans actions in that war were in fact not Imperialistic at all, but in the wars that would ensue with Carthage Rome would begin to develop a sense that Rome was the destined ruler of the world (Frank, 238). Not until the Third Punic War had Rome truly committed an act of Imperialism, when she destroyed the kingdom of Carthage for her benefit without a just cause. The confidence Rome gained in herself from the deposing of the greatest kingdom she had known, would open the gates for Roman expansion into the East. As Hiero of Syracuse advanced in an attempt to win back Messana, on the basis that the Carthaginians were protecting the independence of Messana from Hiero, they resurrected a garrison in the city (Boardman et al, 27). The Mamertines, however, did not wish for the type of independence that came in being a Carthaginian protectorate. The Mamertines would come to ask Rome for her protection from both the Carthaginian... ...e, and she was for her era. Often it is difficult to look at Rome’s actions and think how they could possibly act in such a manner, but the problem entails in that an individual will tend to think about their era instead of looking at Rome’s. Rome was an imperialistic state according to the modern day standards we have of imperialism, but from an ancient world perspective she was as just as any state in her era. Bibliography: 1. Boardman et Al. â€Å"The Oxford Illustrated History of the Roman World†; Oxford University Press; New York, NY; 2001. 2. Badian, E. â€Å"Roman Imperialism in the Late Republic†; Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY; 1968. 3. Richardson, J.S. â€Å"Hispaniae: Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism 218-82 BC†; Cambridge University Press; New York, NY; 1986. 4. Frank, Tenney â€Å"Roman Imperialism†; The MacMillan Company; New York, NY; 1914. Imperialism Essay -- History Rome Papers Imperialism "Imperialism - the policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly: the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence" According to Webster's dictionary's definition of "imperialism", a nation is not truly imperialistic until it has controlled another territory through political or economic aspects or directly annexed the land. There were many steps in the history of Rome, which lead her down the road of becoming an imperialistic nation. Rome's dealings with the Mamertines, Hiero, and Carthage in Sicily around 264 BC would lead to the First Punic War, and thus lead Rome down the path of Imperialism. The Romans actions in that war were in fact not Imperialistic at all, but in the wars that would ensue with Carthage Rome would begin to develop a sense that Rome was the destined ruler of the world (Frank, 238). Not until the Third Punic War had Rome truly committed an act of Imperialism, when she destroyed the kingdom of Carthage for her benefit without a just cause. The confidence Rome gained in herself from the deposing of the greatest kingdom she had known, would open the gates for Roman expansion into the East. As Hiero of Syracuse advanced in an attempt to win back Messana, on the basis that the Carthaginians were protecting the independence of Messana from Hiero, they resurrected a garrison in the city (Boardman et al, 27). The Mamertines, however, did not wish for the type of independence that came in being a Carthaginian protectorate. The Mamertines would come to ask Rome for her protection from both the Carthaginian... ...e, and she was for her era. Often it is difficult to look at Rome’s actions and think how they could possibly act in such a manner, but the problem entails in that an individual will tend to think about their era instead of looking at Rome’s. Rome was an imperialistic state according to the modern day standards we have of imperialism, but from an ancient world perspective she was as just as any state in her era. Bibliography: 1. Boardman et Al. â€Å"The Oxford Illustrated History of the Roman World†; Oxford University Press; New York, NY; 2001. 2. Badian, E. â€Å"Roman Imperialism in the Late Republic†; Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY; 1968. 3. Richardson, J.S. â€Å"Hispaniae: Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism 218-82 BC†; Cambridge University Press; New York, NY; 1986. 4. Frank, Tenney â€Å"Roman Imperialism†; The MacMillan Company; New York, NY; 1914.

Introduction to Oboe and Bassoon

An Introduction Oboe and Bassoon By Marie A Rogers 300005290 Woodwind Techniques 1 1010-1100 Mr. Robinson The oboe is a soprano-range double reed instrument with a length of 62cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore that expands into a flaring bell. The modern oboe’s range extends from the B flat below middle C (b3 flat) to about 3 octaves higher (A6). The oboe has a very narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small metal tube called a staple, which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the instrument.Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadilla, the instrument is made in 3 parts. The top joint has 10 or 11 holes, most of which are manipulated by the players left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, which are predominately controlled by the right hand. The bell has 2 keys that are not used very much by the player. Oboe History The baroque oboe first appeared in the French court in the mid-17th century, where it was called â€Å"hautbois†. This name was also used for its predecessor, the shawm. The basic form of the hautbois was derived from the shawm.Major differences between the two instruments include division into 3 sections or joints, for the hautbois, and the elimination of the pirouette, a cup placed over the reed that enabled the shawm players to produce greater volume. The latter develop more than any other, was responsible for bringing the hautbois indoors where, thanks to its more refined sound and style of playing, it took up a permanent place in the orchestra. Classical period brought upon an oboe whose bore was gradually narrowed, and the instrument became outfitted with several keys, among them were those for the notes D#, F, and G#.A key similar to the modern octave key was also added called the â€Å"slur key†. It was used more like the â€Å"flick† keys on the modern German Bassoon. Only later did French instrument makers redesign the octave key to be used in the manner of the modern key i. e. held open or upper register, closed for lower. The narrower bore allowed the higher notes to be played easier, and composers began to utilize the upper register of the oboe in their works. Oboe Reeds Most professional oboists make their own reeds since every oboist needs a slightly different reed to suit his or her individual needs.By making their own reeds, oboists can precisely control factors such as tone color and intonation. Novice players often begin playing on â€Å"fibrecane reed† which is made of synthetic material. Fibrecane reeds are much easier for the novice to control and take a shorter amount of time to ‘break in†, and usually last longer. After learning on fibrecane reeds, which are available in several degrees of hardness, a medium reed usually being used. These reed, like Clarinet and Bassoon reeds are made of arundo donax. Different types of OboesTh e oboe has several family members. The most widely known today is the Cone Anglais or English Horn, the tenor (or alto) member of the family. A transposing instrument, it is pitched in F, a perfect 5th lower than the oboe. The Oboe d’ Amore the alto (or mezzo soprano) member of the family, is pitched in A, a minor 3rd lower than the Oboe. A less commonly played instrument is the Bass Oboe which is an octave lower than the oboe. Even less common is the Hecklephone, which has a wider bore and larger tone than the bass oboe. Only 165 hecklephones have ever been made.Its hard to find competent players because of the rarity of the instrument. The least common is the mussette or (piccolo oboe), the sopranino member of the family (usually pitched in Eflat or F above the oboe), and the Contrabass Oboe ( typically pitched in C, 2 octaves deeper than the standard oboe). The Bassoon Bassoon is a member of the double-reed family, and generally plays in the bass and tenor registers. The b assoon plays most commonly in concert bands, orchestras and chamber ensembles. It is a non transposing instrument.The bassoon is generally made of maple, with medium hard types of wood, such as sycamore, maple and sugar maple preferred. Less expensive models are also made of materials such as polypropylene and ebonite, primarily for student and outdoor use. The bassoon is 4. 4 feet long. The bore of the bassoon is conical, and the two parallel bores of the boot joint are connected at the bottom of the instrument with a U- shaped metal connector. Both bore and tone holes are precision machined, and each instrument is finished by hand for proper tuning.The bocal connects the reed to the rest of the instrument and is inserted into a socket at the top of the wing joint. The range of the bassoon begins at bflat 1 and extends upward over 3 octaves. Bassoon history Earlier bassoons were called â€Å"Dulcian†. They two instruments are quite similar; they both have a double reed fitte d into a metal crook, obliquely drilled tone holes, and a conical bore that doubles back on itself. The origins of the dulcian are not clear, but by the mid 16th century it was available in 8 different sizes from soprano to great bass.Its primary function seems to have been to provide the bass in a typical wind band of the time. Early â€Å"dulcian† technique was rather primitive, with 8 finger holes and generally one key, indicating that it could only play in a few keys. The Baroque period was when the bassoon became very similar to what it is today. The man most likely responsible for developing the true Bassoon was Martin Hottorre. He was responsible for breaking the instrument down the one-piece dulcian into 4 sections (bell, bass joint, boot and wing joint).The modern Bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms the Buffett system and the Heckle system. Most of the world plays the Heckle system, while the Buffett system is primarily in France, Belgium, and parts of Latin America. Bassoon techniques The Bassoon is held diagonally in front of the player, but unlike the flute, oboe, and clarinet, it cannot be supported by the players hands alone. Some means of additional support is required; the most common ones used are a neck strap or shoulder harness attached to the top of the boot joint, a seat trap attached to the base of the boot joint which is laid across the chair seat prior to sitting down. To stabilize the right hand, many Bassoonists use an adjustable common shaped apparatus called a â€Å"crutch†, which mounts to the boot joint. An aspect of Bassoon playing technique called flicking involves the momentary pressing or â€Å"flicking† of the high A, C, and D keys by the left hand thumb at the beginning of certain note in the middle octave in order to eliminate the cracking or brief microphonic that happens without the use of the key.Bassoon Reeds Bassoon reeds, made of Arundo donax cane, are often made by the players themselves , although beginner bassoonists tend to buy their reeds from professional reed makers or use reeds made by their teachers. Reeds begin with a length of tube cane that is split into three or four pieces. The cane is then trimmed and gouged to the desired thickness, leaving the bark attached. After soaking, the gouged cane is cut to the proper shape and milled to the desired thickness, or profile, by removing material from the bark side.This can be done by hand with a file; more frequently it is done with a machine or tool designed for the purpose. After the profiled cane has soaked once again it is folded over in the middle. Prior to soaking, the reed maker will have lightly scored the bark with parallel lines with a knife; this ensures that the cane will assume a cylindrical shape during the forming stage. On the bark portion, the reed maker binds on three coils or loops of brass wire to aid in the final forming process. The exact placement of these loops can vary somewhat depending on the reed maker.The bound reed blank is then wrapped with thick cotton or linen thread to protect it, and a conical steel mandrel (which sometimes has been heated in a flame) is quickly inserted in between the blades. Using a special pair of pliers, the reed maker presses down the cane, making it conform to the shape of the mandrel. (The steam generated by the heated mandrel causes the cane to permanently assume the shape of the mandrel. ) The upper portion of the cavity thus created is called the â€Å"throat†, and its shape has an influence on the final playing characteristics of the reed.The lower, mostly cylindrical portion will be reamed out with a special tool, allowing the reed to fit on the bocal. After the reed has dried, the wires are tightened around the reed, which has shrunk after drying. The lower part is sealed (a nitrocellulose-based cement such as Duco may be used) and then wrapped with thread to ensure both that no air leaks out through the bottom of the reed and that the reed maintains its shape. The wrapping itself is often sealed with Duco or clear nail varnish (polish).The bulge in the wrapping is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Turk's head†Ã¢â‚¬â€it serves as a convenient handle when inserting the reed on the bocal. To finish the reed, the end of the reed blank, originally at the center of the unfolded piece of cane, is cut off, creating an opening. The blades above the first wire are now roughly 27–30 mm (1. 1–1. 2 in) long. In order for the reed to play, a slight bevel must be created at the tip with a knife, although there is also a machine that can perform this function. Other adjustments with the knife may be necessary, depending on the hardness and profile of the cane and the requirements of the player.The reed opening may also need to be adjusted by squeezing either the first or second wire with the pliers. Additional material may be removed from the sides (the â€Å"channels†) or tip to b alance the reed. Additionally, if the â€Å"e† in the staff is sagging in pitch, it may be necessary to â€Å"clip† the reed by removing 1–2 mm (0. 039–0. 079 in) from its length. Playing styles of individual bassoonists vary greatly; because of this, most advanced players will make their own reeds, in the process customizing them to their individual playing requirements.

Blue Ocean Strategy in Air Asia Essay Example

Blue Ocean Strategy in Air Asia Essay Example Blue Ocean Strategy in Air Asia Paper Blue Ocean Strategy in Air Asia Paper Literature Review Most of the companies must have a strategy for competing in the markets in which they offer products or services. The strategy will either be implicit or explicit, and the extent to which a company is successful compared with its competitors relies on the creation of competitive advantage through the activities that it performs to design, market, deliver and support its product or service. They develop strategy at an overall company level, within customer sectors and for regions, functions and locations. The process is intended to be an iterative one and one that remains alive and is continuously updated and adjusted to suit the changing competitive and economic landscape. Few companies in the world have managed to survive, let alone prosper, over long periods of time. AirAsia approaches to prevent this occurring and to generate continued growth is to frequently re-assess its strategy so that they build strong businesses in the attractive industries of the future Company overview Air Asia Berhad AirAsia’s leading airline was established with the dream that everyone can fly. Since 2001, the company has swiftly broken travel norms around the globe. It has risen to become the world’s best. With a route network that spans through more than 20 countries. AirAsia continues to pave the way for low-cost aviation through innovative solutions, efficient processes and a passionate approach to business. According to Mr Tony Fernandes, they are in a huge market and they are only 5 yrs old company. Southwest Airlines has 400 planes in a market of 350 million people. AirAsia in a market that’s double, triple that. Because of that AirAsia has a lot of potential to grow, but grow sensibly and grow at the right pace. AirAsia have been aggressive on branding. They also put a lot of money into sports branding such as Manchester United. Many Asian companies don’t value branding as much because they don’t see it in the bottom line straight away. It’s something that even Mr Tony have to explain to his board time and time again, that the fruits of branding are over five years. But he thinks it’s been very key in AirAsia growth and they’ll continue to invest in it. BlueOcean Strategies To compete with Malaysian Airline System (MAS) before the acquisition of MAS shares and regional airline, Air Asia have managed to avoid the red ocean by looking into the factors that industry take for granted and also factors that important to customers. With the Four Actions Framework proposed by Blue Ocean Strategy authors, Air Asia have implemented many strategic moves to ensure they are making Malaysia Airline and regional airline company irrelevant. AirAsia Strategy By referring to the strategies picture we can summarize as below: EliminateThe company have eliminate over the counter booking system. AirAsia also eliminate free Food/Beverage on the plane. This help AirAsia save cost. They also eliminate Seating Class booking system. Reduceâ€Å"luxury† facilities provided by Airport Lounge. No of attendance service on the plane. Reduce the seat quality. Raise Focus on several key destination Increase frequency of flight CreateOnline Booking system Point to point travel sy stem With this strategic move, Air Asia able to focus on factors that really bring value to the customers such as point to point travel system, easy booking system etc. This will help Air Asia to reduce cost and at the same time increase the value to the customers Value Innovation. SWOT Analysis of AirAsia. StrengthsLocally and Internationally Recognized Constant Innovations Keep a Strong Hold on the Industry Successful company Brand is all important WeaknessesDependence on innovation of its products Reports on faulty /delay items Confusion among consumers OpportunitiesOpportunities in the International Market Possibility of product expansion ThreatsUnpredictable Market High level of competition in Asean region A. Strengths 1. Locally and Internationally Recognized AirAsia is undoubtedly become one of the most recognizable brand names in the airline industry in Malaysia. It has engaged in a marketing strategy all of which the Malaysia market has been made aware. The organization also has been successful in creating its name in the international brand. 2. Constant Innovations AirAsia with its first-rate management of its innovation time line is among the key causes following the firm’s accomplishment in creating consistent soaring levels of same store sales. With constant innovation that make the Malaysian people can fly with lower cost. 3. Keep a Strong Hold on the Industry The company is an established name in the Airline industry. It has built a reputation of excellence that new entrants in the industry strive for. With this standard of rigorous marketing strategies AirAsia will continue to exist in the coming years. 4. Successful company The passenger had increased to 14,253,244 in 2009. In Malaysia the favorable brand right now is AirAsia. Sales of its airline ticket had increased in 2009. A sale of its ticket is also very strong, and this represents a huge contribution to income for AirAsia. 5. Brand is all-important AirAsia established and healthy brands. With promoting Manchester United football club has made the world knows who is AirAsia. B. Weaknesses 1. Dependence on innovation of its products In this industry AirAsia is dependence of its innovations. Bear in mind, the near most competitor is close to Malaysia. If the company make a wrong move in its product strategies than customer will go to others that offer more innovative product. 2. Reports of customer complaint Although AirAsia is giving low price of airline ticket but customer complaint to the company is compiling day by day. With flight delays and the complaint are arising and the company needs to tackle to such problem. 4. Confusion among Customers When AirAsia putting flight promotions in the newspaper advertisement, they will be using red color. However, recently Malaysian Airline System – MAS (before the shares acquisition) also using red color in the newspaper advertisement. This in the first place will confuse the customer on which is AirAsia and MAS. C. Opportunities 1. Opportunities in the International Market With rigorous product marketing by the company, AirAsia have high opportunities in the International Market areas. AirAsia have dedicated to continue with cost-efficiency and expansion. 2. Possibility of product expansion To the customer, AirAsia has become a strong brand. AirAsia will not just be number one in size it has become number one in the minds of customers. This is the passion of AirAsia and this has currently become possible as many has switch from flying with MAS and turn to AirAsia. D. Threats 1. Unpredictable Market The market that AirAsia is operating on is also dependent on the situation of the country within. If the people have the ability to fly than the company will survive and gain profit. However if the situation is vice versa than the company will have a problem to sustain it cost and operations 2. High competition in the Asian region. In the region we have other airline that can offer competitive offering to customers. Malaysian Airline System is the nearest one. With the introduction of Fireflyz, MAS is offering similar with AirAsia in terms of low cost flight. Garuda Airways and Thai Airways also can give a good competition with AirAsia. Being successful attracts competition, and AirAsia is working very hard on in order to retain its competitive position. Porter’s Five Force Analysis 1. Industry Rivalry- Moderate With the acquisition of stock in Malaysian Airline System the closest high rivalry has become moderate. 2. Buyers Power – High Customer does not have many options to choose from. The demand for new and updated features and also the markets are increasing 3. Threat of Suppliers- Low ?Hardware and airplane component can easily get. 4. Threat of Entry- Low ?Huge capital requirements ?Strong market strategy required 5. Threat of Substitutes- Low ?Currently the company has become the optional company that people will hop in to fly due to low cost. Porter’s Five Force Apple’s Competitor Analysis We can see if a new player or a new competitor, they must engage head on with AirAisa. To date AirAsia still maintain it low cost flight and it is a though scenario to put lower price compare to AisAsia to attract new customer. ?People will still buy and fly with AirAsia as the company flight ticket is lowest in Malaysia. With this scenario the buyer power to AirAsia is very high. ?Aircraft maintenance part and services can easily get and this would not be a troublesome to the company because the aircraft parts and the expertise such aircraft engineer is easily can be found in Malaysia Conclusion AirAsia focus on really understanding consumer needs and problems. By increasing our consumer insight, they are able to develop new products that solve these needs and problems. To date over half of AirAsia sales are via internet booking and it is steadily rising. To AirAsia philosophy is very clear, before a business can grow, it needs to have its costs under control. It must be cost-efficient and profitable, and it must create value. The company need to do a continues task and this they had to face head on year on year; it is the critical ingredient to operate a successful business. According to AirAsia cost-efficiency, low complexity and profitability are always the cornerstones of building a strong business. While a strong foundation does not guarantee a solid house, it is the only basis upon which to build. Truly AirAsia has become a company that implement the Blue ocean strategy. Reference: 1) airasia. com. my 2) blueoceanstrategy. com/ 3)http://blueoceanstrategy. org/ 4)Ireland R. D. , Hoskisson E. R. Hitt A. M. , (2011) Chapter 7, Strategic Acquisition Restructuring, p. 169, The Management Of Strategy, Concepts Cases, (9th International Edition) South-Western, Canada.

Elements for a Pacific War essays

Elements for a Pacific War essays Japan had several reasons to declare war on the US and several other countries, both diplomatically and militarily. Here I will discuss a few of them. Oil: Oil was very important to the Japanese. With their small surface area and lack of natural resources, Japan needed outside sources to get its raw materials. Having accomplished getting rich coal mines in Manchuria in the 1930s, the United States placed an embargo on oil and other resources vital to Japan on the country until they pulled out of Manchuria. This never happened so Japan just decided to acquire French IndoChinas oil fields. Food: Once again Japans limited surface area prevented the country from growing much food to feed its rapidly growing population. China seemed the obvious answer to this problem. With extensive rice fields and proximity to home, Japan saw China as a way to feed hungry mouths around the country. Stability threats: The threat of the United States jumping in and stopping Japan from taking over its neighbors and taking their resources was just too great for the Japanese military commanders to let nothing be done about it. They decided that a surprise attack against the Pacific naval fleet along with fast attacks against other targets would suffice enough to be able to repel any counterattack the Allies may have. Tradition: The Japanese have always lived up to a moral code called Bushido or way of the warrior. This made the Japanese more ready and more prone to conflict and fighting. They were soldiers who didnt have fear whenever they went to fight a battle because to them dying in battle meant you went to Heaven. Opportunity: No country would attack another unless they were either suicidal or they thought they had a very good chance of winning. Japan was a little of both, they were ready to fight to the death and they saw an opportunity to gain more territory ...

The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay Example

The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay Example The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay The efficency of suppliers prequaification Essay The public owners for instance award contracts o the lowest responsible bidder in order to fulfill the requirements of the law that protect public interest and funds, prevent fraud, collusion, and favoritism, and obtain quality construction at reasonable and fair prices. Determination of the lowest bidder is easy and direct, while on the other hand determining whether the contractor is responsible or not is not as easy. Selection of contractors based on the lowest bid price has been criticized by a section of the construction industry itself. It has long been a source of frustration to those involved with competitive-bid construction projects that owners often treat low- laity construction work no differently from high-quality construction work. Both owners and contractors have acknowledged this problem. In a study carried out for SHASTA by Minch Jar. And Smith, 2001 , it was observed that contractors who were confident in their ability to produce high-quality work expressed their perceptions that public owners actually reward poor workmanship, at least indirectly. According to the contractors, they do this by not penalizing poor workmanship, thus giving a bidding edge to those contractors who take advantage of the owners reluctance to penalize them. The contractors performing high quality work are discouraged about the prospect of continuing to bid for construction work against contractors who consistently submit low bids and produce low quality products. In many cases, it was expressed that these same low bidding contractors consistently submit change orders for extras even when the claimed work was part of the original design. No evidence was provided, however, to support these claims. Contractor prettification is one of the processes among many others that are used to ensure that the right contractor is chosen for the right Job. Briefly, contractor prettification can be defined as a decision making process by which an owner evaluates the competence of a candidate contractor to perform the requirements associated with a given project even before the final bidding process is set in motion. Contractor prettification will be described in greater detail in the subsequent chapter. One or any combination of the following may be considered for prettification: Contractors. Subcontractors. Suppliers. Products. Services, including professional services. Prettification of contractors, subcontractors, suppliers, products and services for publicly funded projects is problematic and the potential for criticism by the private sector, particularly by those parties who are not qualified, is always present. Thus making it obvious for everyone that the prettification process is not be taken lightly and also that its application is a function of a projects complexity and magnitude. Several multi criteria decision making models for contractor prettification are available for use in the industry and research field. These decision making models encompass a wide range of methodologies beginning with the simple Point Allocation PA) methodology and ending up with complex models such as models based on genetic algorithms, neural networks and stochastic probabilities. Each method has its own unique group of users. Users have based their choice of prettification models on varying factors such as user sophistication, cost of application of method, appropriateness of application of method to the particular project etc. This proliferation of prettification models is both a boon and a bane for an educated owner since it gives the owner a wide range of models to choose from while at the AMA time it creates doubt in the owners mind regarding the best possible method or model for prevailing contractors for a particular project. The models that are on the high end level of the methodology ladder are too sophisticated to be easily understood and appreciated by an average owner thus leaving the owner with no choice but to choose a model from the existing simpler ones being used in the industry. The advantage of using models implemented in industry is that they are simpler and easily understandable by everyone in the construction industry. This type of models can be labeled as Practical prettification models. Within the Practical models the level of sophistication varies from the simple to the highly complex. The issue of concern is to determine how efficient these contractor prettification models really are. Which contractor prettification model gives the best result when each prettification model is supplied with the same set of contractor information? This issue can be best addressed by a comparative analysis of prettification models. This analysis would include both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis in order to arrive at a proper conclusion regarding the efficacy of he prettification models.

The Economic Rationale for Toll Roads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The Economic Rationale for Toll Roads - Essay Example It will analyze the benefits and cost that are associated with tolling which is used widely in the world. But first let us take a close look at road transport system in the world n order to understand the rationale behind tolling. Road transport is perhaps the oldest mode of transport in the world. It has a long history that spins many years ago. This was due to various means of transport that could use roads. The earliest means of transport that was used on the road were animals. Donkeys, mules and horses have been recorded as the being the oldest means of transport that were used in the world at the beginning. The civilization that was taking place in Mesopotamia that led to the invention of the wheel revolutionized road transport as other means of transport were invented. Key among these means of transport invented at that time was carriages. At the same time, John Macadam developed what could be termed as the modern form of roads. Though his road did not use bitumen and other material used today, it gave travelers a comfortable ride. This was a big reap forward in the development of road transport. The development of macadam road led to the development of modern load. But perhaps the greatest development in the development of road transport was the invention of car by Daimler and others. ... Roads have facilitated movement of people and goods in all parts of the world. They have helped to link one community with another and one country to another. Movement of people and goods is or crucial importance in the development of our economic systems. Without proper transport mechanism in place, countries would be locked from the others and communities will be isolated. Thought there have been development of other means of transport from like railway and air transport, roads remain a choice of many people and it will taken long before road transport loses its value to the world. But why is road transport preferred by many people There are many reasons why road transport remains a choice for many people. Convenience Road transport is convenient for use. One can drive a personal car or use public transport means at any time one wished. If you compare road transport to others you will find that railway and air transport are always scheduled which means they may create some inconvenience. The convenience in road transport here comes with fastness since one can be able to travel from one place to the other without having to wait for some kind of scheduling to take place. Cheap Road transport is also cheap compared to others. It has been found that the cost of traveling from one state or from one town to the other using road transport is relatively cheap than using railway or air transport. This makes road transport a choice of many people. It will be found out that it is easy to own and maintain a personal car than personal jet or a train. These are just but some of the reasons why road transport remains a choice of many people in the world. But at the same time road transport is faced by many challenges

The relation of color psychology in Fashion Design Research Paper

The relation of color psychology in Fashion Design - Research Paper Example The essay "The relation of color psychology in Fashion Design" concerns the connection between color psychology and fashion design. That said, black and white might mean something different in different cultures, as black may symbolize mourning in certain cultures, and white may symbolize death in certain cultures. The following is an analysis of the colours white and black, with regard to fashion – why they were popularized, what they mean to society, and what they meant to two of the fashion icons who popularized black and white – Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe, respectively. Miller (2004) describes his theory of the little black dress and why it is popular and what it means. According to Miller (2004), there are different suspects as to why the little black dress become popularized. Among these is capitalism, history, modernism, and consumption. Capitalism might be responsible for the little black dress simply because the trend began, through Coco Chanel, as indic ated below, and there were designers who were willing to capitalize on this trend. It is simply a case of giving the consumer what they want. The second suspect, according to Miller (2004) is history. According to this theory, outfitting oneself in colorful dress was a function of the rich in history. As men, and women, decided to look less wealthy, and less egalitarian, they chose black, because it made them non-descript. This goes along with the theory put forth by Rubinstein (2001), who states that the rich in Western society. maintained a kind of visual superiority to the middle class, as a way of asserting their superiority in a land where they had to compete for wealth, prestige, power and social rewards. Another historical analysis of the trend concerns Queen Victoria, who was in â€Å"endless mourning,† wearing black, and the black dress worn by Queen Victoria in her mourning came to symbolize mourning in general (Miller, 2004). Modernism is the third suspect on Mille r’s (2004) list. In particular, the aesthetics of modernism is focused upon minimalism. That said, there is also some thought that, in contrast to the theory that black and white dressing represents modernism, there is the thought that the colour black is traditional, and, therefore, designers such as Giorgio Armani have attempted to offer alternatives to black. The theory behind these offerings are that the modern woman is supposed to have security with herself and her roles, so she can leave the black behind and play around with colour (Benstock & Ferriss, 1994). Finally, Miller (2004) identifies consumption as being the reason for the black dress. In this, Miller (2004) states that women have a certain anxiety about choosing colourful dress. Even though they might want to dress in colour, they cannot bring themselves to do so, because of lack of confidence and anxiety. The â€Å"little black dress† was popularized by Coco Chanel in 1926. Chanel, in general, was a fa shion icon, as well as being a fashion designer, as she introduced minimalist fashions at a time when women were still wearing large hats, corsets and high boots. According to De La Haye (1988), Chanel popularized the minimalist look because she recognized that, after the first World War, that women were yearning for a different look, one that did not demand that she continue to immobilise herself in unnatural shapes, just so that she could become fashionable. This period also coincided with the demise of the couture houses (Crane, 2000). Chanel started by designing simple, yet elegant hats